|
Qatar (,〔Pronunciation adopted by Qatar Airways' advertisements, such as ''(Qatar Airways: the Art of Flight Redefined )''〕 , or ;〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=CMU Pronouncing Dictionary )〕 (アラビア語:قطر) ' (:ˈqɑtˤɑr); local vernacular pronunciation: (:ɡɪtˤɑr)),〔 〕 officially the State of Qatar ((アラビア語:دولة قطر) '), is a sovereign country located in Southwest Asia, occupying the small Qatar Peninsula on the northeastern coast of the Arabian Peninsula. Its sole land border is with Saudi Arabia to the south, with the rest of its territory surrounded by the Persian Gulf. A strait in the Persian Gulf separates Qatar from the nearby island kingdom of Bahrain. In 2013, Qatar's total population was 1.8 million: 278,000 Qatari citizens and 1.5 million expatriates.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Population of Qatar )〕 Following Ottoman rule, Qatar became a British protectorate in the early 20th century until gaining independence in 1971. Qatar has been ruled by the Al Thani family since the mid-19th century. Qatar is a hereditary constitutional monarchy and its head of state is Emir Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani.〔http://www.mofa.gov.qa/en/Qatar/Pages/ConstitutionalAuthorities.aspx〕 The constitution was overwhelmingly approved in a constitutional referendum, with almost 98% in favour.〔http://www.electionguide.org/results.php?ID=341〕〔https://www.princeton.edu/~pcwcr/reports/qatar2003.html〕 After Saudi Arabia, Qatar is the most conservative society in the Gulf Cooperation Council〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Qatar: Revolution From the Top Down )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=For Qatari Women, Change Slow in Coming )〕 as most Qataris adhere to the strict Wahhabi interpretation of Islam.〔〔〔 Sharia law is the main source of Qatari legislation according to Qatar's Constitution.〔〔 Qatar is a high income economy backed by the world's third largest natural gas reserves and oil reserves. The country has the highest per capita income in the world, and has the second highest standard of living in the Middle East and the seventh highest in Asia. Qatar is an influential player in the Arab world, supporting several rebel groups during the Arab Spring both financially and through its globally expanding media group, Al Jazeera Media Network. Qatar will host the 2022 FIFA World Cup, becoming the first Arab country to do so. For its size, Qatar wields disproportionate influence in the world, and has been identified as a middle power. ==Etymology== Pliny the Elder, a Roman writer, documented the earliest account pertaining to the inhabitants of the Peninsula around the mid-first century AD, referring to them as the ''Catharrei'', a designation which may have derived from the name of a prominent local settlement.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=History of Qatar )〕 A century later, Ptolemy produced the first known European map to depict the peninsula, referring to it as ''Catara''.〔〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Maps )〕 The map also referenced a town named "Cadara" to the east of the peninsula.〔 The term 'Catara' (or, alternatively, ''Cataraei'') was exclusively used until the 18th century, after which 'Katara' emerged as the most commonly recognized spelling.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=About us )〕 Eventually, the modern derivative ''Qatar'' was adopted as the country's name.〔 In Standard Arabic, the name is pronounced (:ˈqɑtˤɑr), while in the local dialect it is (:ˈɡitˤar).〔 ==History== (詳細はウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Qatar」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|